One of two arm chairs I have. Hand or machine carved? How do I tell?

Fretwork on chair back is a dragon/serpent. What style would this fall under? I like these chairs as they are very unusual and kind of resemble a throne chair without too much in ornate carvings. I use these as occasional chairs in my man cave.

I'd just like to know if these are reproductions. I cannot locate any manufacturer information on the chairs. However, I pulled the ticking back underneath the chair and see that it appears to be constructed with 8 way hand tied black steel coils and a metal rail that they rest on - tipping to reproduction on the upholstery for sure but what about the frame? Any chance they are hand carved?

I am assuming oak wood?

Thanks for taking a look!