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Military Posters and Propaganda
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WWI Propaganda Posters
During World War I, the U.S. government, contractors, and advertisers alike printed large quantities of posters in order to deliver a variety of propaganda messages to the general public. Because they were printed in large...WWI Propaganda Posters
During World War I, the U.S. government, contractors, and advertisers alike printed large quantities of posters in order to deliver a variety of propaganda messages to the general public. Because they were printed in large numbers, vintage war posters can be more affordable than you might expect. Even though the United States would not enter World War I until 1917, the sinking of the RMS Lusitania in 1915 prompted artist Fred Spear to create one of the most famous posters of that era. Titled "Enlist," the color lithograph features a mother cradling her child as both sink into the briny deeps—the call to action, ENLIST, is rendered on the poster in large, blocky letters. Two years later, with the nation fully engaged in the European conflict, artist James Montgomery Flagg riffed on a famous British war-recruitment poster of the day to create his "I Want You For U.S. Army" poster. More than four million copies of the iconic image were reproduced during World War I alone, ensuring Flagg’s place in history as the creator of, and model for, the most famous likeness of Uncle Sam. Another type of vintage World War I recruiting poster featured appeals to women, such as Edward Penfield’s "Yes sir, I am here!" which shows an earnest young woman standing at attention, saluting, and reporting for duty in the Motor Corps of America. The Christy Girl posters, named for their illustrator, Howard Chandler Christy, used smiling, mildly provocative women clad in men’s uniforms to encourage men to enlist in the Navy and Marines. Meanwhile, German propaganda had been used to support the country's commitment to "Burgfrieden" (directly translated as "castle peace"), which demanded that Germany's political parties cease their bickering to unite in defense of their homeland. Many early German posters urged patriotic donations of supplies toward the war effort. By 1916, as Germans became weary of living in a country at war, the German National Bank and Treasury began war-loan campaigns that tied home front financial efforts to the success of their military. These included a poster by Berthold Clauss depicting a soldier imposed upon a backdrop of factory smokestacks, with one hand resting on a sword and another on a plow. The poster reads, "If the plough is to till the field peacefully, donate money! If German trade is to span the world, donate money! If the hero is to wield a sharp weapon powerfully, donate money!"WWII Propaganda Posters
The vintage war posters of World War II expand such appeals of patriotism and service to country. American posters encouraged citizens to plant Victory Gardens, to conserve fuel by walking to the store, and to buy war bonds ("Give War Bonds for Christmas" instructs a simple green-and-red, holly-leaf-decorated poster from the U.S. Government Printing Office). J. Howard Miller’s "We Can Do It!" is perhaps the most famous vintage poster from that period. Published by Westinghouse, it features an illustration of a young female factory worker wearing a red-and-white polka dot headscarf and rolling up the sleeve of her blue work shirt. The woman in the poster is often referred as Rosie the Riveter, but the image was actually taken from a wire-service photograph of a 17-year-old named Geraldine Hoff. Another category of World War II poster was unabashedly ideological and unapologetically tough in its depiction of the enemy. Karl Koehler and Victor Ancona won an award for their "This is the Enemy," which featured a close-up of the stern, frowning face of a Nazi SS officer, whose monocle reflects a man being hung. The U.S. Office of War Information published artist Ben Shahn’s "This is Nazi brutality"—below the main image of a hooded, manacled prisoner, Shahn had reprinted a Radio Berlin news report of the decimation of the town of Lidice, Czechoslovakia, and the murder of all its adult-male inhabitants. If the Germans were depicted as evil madmen, the Japanese were portrayed as bucktoothed and inhuman drones. Flagg updated his World War I recruitment poster to create a hatless, muscular Uncle Sam, wrench in hand, with the words "JAP… You’re Next!" above his head. And Douglas Aircraft Company produced numerous unflattering caricatures of the Japanese to encourage its employees to conserve materials, lest they play into the hands of the enemy. In the United Kingdom, the Ministry of Information began printing stoic, text-only posters in the late 1930s to encourage British citizens in the face of city air raids. These posters included slogans like "Freedom Is in Peril / Defend It With All Your Might" and "Keep Calm and Carry On," with white text over a red or blue background and a Tudor crown at top. However, very few were ever displayed publicly, as the campaign was cancelled in October of 1939 following criticism of its messaging and cost.WWI Propaganda Posters
During World War I, the U.S. government, contractors, and advertisers alike printed large quantities of posters in order to deliver a variety of propaganda messages to the general public. Because they were printed in large numbers, vintage war posters can be more affordable than you might expect. Even though the United States would not enter World War I until 1917, the sinking of the RMS Lusitania in 1915 prompted artist Fred Spear to create one of the most famous posters of that era. Titled "Enlist," the color lithograph features a mother cradling her child as both sink into the briny deeps—the call to action, ENLIST, is rendered on the poster in large, blocky letters. Two years later, with the nation fully engaged in the European conflict, artist James Montgomery Flagg riffed on a famous British war-recruitment poster of the day to create his "I Want You For U.S. Army" poster. More than four million copies of the iconic image were reproduced during World War I alone, ensuring Flagg’s place in history as the creator of, and model for, the most famous likeness of Uncle Sam. Another type of vintage World War I recruiting poster featured appeals to women, such as Edward Penfield’s "Yes sir, I am here!" which shows an earnest young woman standing at attention, saluting, and reporting for duty in the Motor Corps of America. The Christy Girl posters, named for their illustrator, Howard Chandler Christy, used smiling, mildly provocative women clad in men’s uniforms to encourage men to enlist in the Navy and Marines. Meanwhile, German propaganda had been used to support the country's commitment to "Burgfrieden" (directly translated as "castle peace"), which demanded that Germany's political parties cease their bickering to unite in defense of their homeland. Many early German posters urged patriotic donations of supplies toward the war effort. By 1916, as Germans became weary of living in a country at war, the German National...WWI Propaganda Posters
During World War I, the U.S. government, contractors, and advertisers alike printed large quantities of posters in order to deliver a variety of propaganda messages to the general public. Because they were printed in large numbers, vintage war posters can be more affordable than you might expect. Even though the United States would not enter World War I until 1917, the sinking of the RMS Lusitania in 1915 prompted artist Fred Spear to create one of the most famous posters of that era. Titled "Enlist," the color lithograph features a mother cradling her child as both sink into the briny deeps—the call to action, ENLIST, is rendered on the poster in large, blocky letters. Two years later, with the nation fully engaged in the European conflict, artist James Montgomery Flagg riffed on a famous British war-recruitment poster of the day to create his "I Want You For U.S. Army" poster. More than four million copies of the iconic image were reproduced during World War I alone, ensuring Flagg’s place in history as the creator of, and model for, the most famous likeness of Uncle Sam. Another type of vintage World War I recruiting poster featured appeals to women, such as Edward Penfield’s "Yes sir, I am here!" which shows an earnest young woman standing at attention, saluting, and reporting for duty in the Motor Corps of America. The Christy Girl posters, named for their illustrator, Howard Chandler Christy, used smiling, mildly provocative women clad in men’s uniforms to encourage men to enlist in the Navy and Marines. Meanwhile, German propaganda had been used to support the country's commitment to "Burgfrieden" (directly translated as "castle peace"), which demanded that Germany's political parties cease their bickering to unite in defense of their homeland. Many early German posters urged patriotic donations of supplies toward the war effort. By 1916, as Germans became weary of living in a country at war, the German National Bank and Treasury began war-loan campaigns that tied home front financial efforts to the success of their military. These included a poster by Berthold Clauss depicting a soldier imposed upon a backdrop of factory smokestacks, with one hand resting on a sword and another on a plow. The poster reads, "If the plough is to till the field peacefully, donate money! If German trade is to span the world, donate money! If the hero is to wield a sharp weapon powerfully, donate money!"WWII Propaganda Posters
The vintage war posters of World War II expand such appeals of patriotism and service to country. American posters encouraged citizens to plant Victory Gardens, to conserve fuel by walking to the store, and to buy war bonds ("Give War Bonds for Christmas" instructs a simple green-and-red, holly-leaf-decorated poster from the U.S. Government Printing Office). J. Howard Miller’s "We Can Do It!" is perhaps the most famous vintage poster from that period. Published by Westinghouse, it features an illustration of a young female factory worker wearing a red-and-white polka dot headscarf and rolling up the sleeve of her blue work shirt. The woman in the poster is often referred as Rosie the Riveter, but the image was actually taken from a wire-service photograph of a 17-year-old named Geraldine Hoff. Another category of World War II poster was unabashedly ideological and unapologetically tough in its depiction of the enemy. Karl Koehler and Victor Ancona won an award for their "This is the Enemy," which featured a close-up of the stern, frowning face of a Nazi SS officer, whose monocle reflects a man being hung. The U.S. Office of War Information published artist Ben Shahn’s "This is Nazi brutality"—below the main image of a hooded, manacled prisoner, Shahn had reprinted a Radio Berlin news report of the decimation of the town of Lidice, Czechoslovakia, and the murder of all its adult-male inhabitants. If the Germans were depicted as evil madmen, the Japanese were portrayed as bucktoothed and inhuman drones. Flagg updated his World War I recruitment poster to create a hatless, muscular Uncle Sam, wrench in hand, with the words "JAP… You’re Next!" above his head. And Douglas Aircraft Company produced numerous unflattering caricatures of the Japanese to encourage its employees to conserve materials, lest they play into the hands of the enemy. In the United Kingdom, the Ministry of Information began printing stoic, text-only posters in the late 1930s to encourage British citizens in the face of city air raids. These posters included slogans like "Freedom Is in Peril / Defend It With All Your Might" and "Keep Calm and Carry On," with white text over a red or blue background and a Tudor crown at top. However, very few were ever displayed publicly, as the campaign was cancelled in October of 1939 following criticism of its messaging and cost.Best of the Web
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Best of the Web
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Wish you'd visited San Francisco in the late 1960s? Get a quick hit with this comprehensive...
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This amazing Library of Congress site includes about a hundred photo and document collections...
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The New York Public Library's impressive Digital Gallery offers free access to over 500,000...
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